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2025年12月29日5分で読める

胃がんで「腫れ」は起こる?原因と対処法を専門的に解説

要点:

胃がんの腫れ(膨満・むくみ)は起こるのか

胃がんでみられる「腫れ」は、一般的に腹部の膨満(お腹が張る)や体のむくみとして現れ、特に進行期で起こりやすい症状です。腹部の腫れは腹水(お腹に水がたまる)によって起こり、がんの腹腔内への広がりや肝転移が関与します。 [1] 進行した胃がんが腹膜(お腹の内側の膜)に広がると、腹部の膨満感や見た目の腫れが生じます。 [2] 肝臓への転移がある場合も腹水が溜まり、お腹が張る・膨らむ原因になります。 [3]

腫れの主な原因

  • 腹水(腹部の水たまり)

    • 胃がんが腹膜に広がると、腹膜からの液体産生が増え、排出が追いつかず腹水がたまります。 [2]
    • 肝転移により肝機能が低下すると、アルブミン(血液中のたんぱく)低下や門脈圧亢進が起き、腹水が増えやすくなります。 [3] [1]
  • 腸閉塞(腸の通りが悪くなる)に伴う膨満

    • 腹膜播種(お腹の中にがんが散る)で腸が狭くなる・詰まると、ガスや内容物が溜まり腹部膨満が強くなります。 [4] 胃液を管で抜いて腸の圧を下げる処置(鼻からの管による減圧)が行われます。 [4]
    • 癒着やねじれが重い場合は、絶食・抗生剤・減圧で改善しないと手術が検討されます。 [5]
  • 全身のむくみ(浮腫)

    • 栄養低下や低アルブミン血症、心・腎機能の影響、薬物治療に伴う体液貯留などで四肢のむくみが出ることがあります。 [6]
    • 一部の分子標的薬では体液貯留が副作用として起こり、管理に体重モニタリングや塩分制限、状況に応じて利尿薬が用いられます。 [7] [8]

よくある症状の特徴

  • 腹部の張り・膨満感:腹膜への広がりや腹水で、食後だけでなく常時膨満を感じることがあります。 [2]
  • お腹が目に見えて大きくなる:腹水が増えると外観上も腹部が腫れて見えます。 [1]
  • 右上腹部痛や黄疸:肝転移による徴候で、腹水・腹部腫れに伴うことがあります。 [9]
  • 吐き気・嘔吐・排ガス消失:腸閉塞が疑われるサインで、緊急受診が必要になることがあります。 [5] [4]

受診の目安

  • 腹部が急に張って痛みが強い、嘔吐や排ガス消失がある場合は、腸閉塞や腹膜炎の可能性があり早急な医療介入が必要です。 [5] [4]
  • 黄疸(皮膚や白目が黄色い)、体重の急増(むくみ・腹水の進行)、呼吸苦を伴う場合も早めの受診が望まれます。 [9] [1]

診断・評価

  • 身体診察と腹囲・体重の記録:腹水やむくみの進行確認に有用です。 [6]
  • 血液検査:肝機能、アルブミン、腎機能、電解質の評価で原因把握と治療方針決定に役立ちます。 [6]
  • 画像検査(腹部超音波・CT):腹水量、腹膜播種、肝転移、腸閉塞の評価に用います。 [1] [2]
  • 腹水穿刺(細い針で腹水を採取):性状分析や感染・がん細胞の有無確認、必要に応じて治療的ドレナージも行います。 [10]

管理・治療

  • 腹水への対処

    • 軽度なら利尿薬を試すことがありますが、がん性腹水は利尿薬に反応しにくいことが多く、症状緩和目的で繰り返しの腹水ドレナージ(穿刺による排液)が行われます。 [10]
    • 栄養改善(たんぱく補給)や原病の治療(抗がん治療)により腹水増加を抑えることがあります。 [1]
  • 腸閉塞の管理

    • 絶食・鼻からの胃管での減圧・点滴治療で症状を和らげ、状態により手術やステントなどが検討されます。 [4] 改善が乏しい場合は外科的治療や緩和的ドレナージが選択されます。 [5]
  • 全身の浮腫の管理

    • 体重の毎日チェック、塩分制限、下肢挙上(寝るときに足を心臓より高く)などの生活管理を行います。必要時に利尿薬が用いられますが、脱水や電解質異常に注意し、医師の指示で調整します。 [6] [8] 浮腫が心不全などに伴う場合は圧迫療法が選択されることもあります。 [6]
  • 症状緩和と安全性

    • 強い痛みには適切な鎮痛薬が用いられます。 [4] 呼吸苦や大量の体液貯留がある場合は、迅速な評価と必要な処置が優先されます。 [6]

自宅でできるセルフケア

  • 体重・腹囲の定期測定:同じ条件(朝起床後・排尿後・同じ衣服)で測り、増加が続く場合は主治医へ相談しましょう。 [7]
  • 塩分を控える:加工食品やスープ類の塩分を可能な範囲で減らすと浮腫の悪化を抑えやすいです。 [6]
  • 休息時の下肢挙上:むくみ軽減に役立ちます。 [7]
  • 水分管理:指示がある場合は適切な水分量を守り、利尿薬使用時は脱水・ふらつきに注意します。 [8]
  • 異変時の早めの連絡:腹部が急に膨らむ、強い痛み・嘔吐・黄疸・息切れなどが出たら医療機関へ。 [5] [9]

まとめ

  • 胃がんの「腫れ」は、主に腹水や腸閉塞、全身の浮腫として現れ、特に進行期で目立ちます。 [1] [2]
  • 腹膜への広がりや肝転移で腹部膨満・腹水が起こり、症状緩和にはドレナージや支持療法が重要です。 [3] [10]
  • むくみは栄養・臓器機能・薬の影響など複数要因が絡むため、医療チームと連携して原因に合わせた管理が望まれます。 [6] [8]

【参考の要点】

  • 胃がんの進展で腹部が腫れて見えるのは、腹水や腹膜播種が関与することが多いです。 [1] [2]
  • 肝転移では腹水とともに黄疸を伴うことがあります。 [9] [3]
  • がん性腹水は利尿薬に反応しづらく、繰り返しの腹水排液が症状緩和に有効です。 [10]
  • 腸閉塞が疑われるときは、絶食・胃管減圧・点滴などの緊急対応が必要です。 [4] [5]

関連する質問

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  2. 2.^abcdefStomach (Gastric) Cancer Symptoms(mskcc.org)
  3. 3.^abcdStomach Cancer(stanfordhealthcare.org)
  4. 4.^abcdefg위암(Stomach cancer) | 질환백과 | 의료정보 | 건강정보(amc.seoul.kr)
  5. 5.^abcdef국가암정보센터(cancer.go.kr)
  6. 6.^abcdefghEdema - Diagnosis and treatment(mayoclinic.org)
  7. 7.^abcGIST 부작용 관리(글리벡®) | 건강TV | 건강정보(amc.seoul.kr)
  8. 8.^abcd부작용 관리 : 이마티닙(글리벡) | 건강TV | 건강정보(amc.seoul.kr)
  9. 9.^abcdStomach (Gastric) Cancer Symptoms(mskcc.org)
  10. 10.^abcd위암(Stomach cancer) | 질환백과 | 의료정보 | 건강정보(amc.seoul.kr)

ご注意: この情報は教育目的のみで提供されており、専門的な医療アドバイス、診断、または治療に代わるものではありません。医療上の決定を行う前に、必ず資格のある医療提供者に相談してください。