
PubMedの資料に基づく | 痛風の人は運動すると症状が悪化し、発作が起きやすくなるって本当ですか?
要点:
痛風でも発作のない時期の中等度の運動は推奨され、体重管理や代謝改善に役立ちます。一方、脱水や全力ダッシュなどの激しい無酸素運動は尿酸を一時的に上げ発作の引き金になり得ます。急性発作中は安静と標準治療を優先し、落ち着いたら歩行・自転車・水泳など低負荷運動を十分な水分補給とともに再開しましょう。
痛風と運動の関係についての結論
- 一般的には、適度な運動は痛風の予防と全身の健康に役立ちますが、脱水や非常に激しい運動は発作の引き金になりうるため注意が必要と考えられます。 [1] [2]
- 急性発作中は痛む関節に負担がかかる運動は避け、冷却や安静・標準治療を優先するのが無難です。 [3]
- 発作がない時期はウォーキングや自転車、水泳などの低負荷の運動を定期的に行い、こまめな水分補給を徹底すると良いでしょう。 [4] [5]
なぜ「激しい運動」で発作が誘発されることがあるのか
- 強度の高い無酸素的運動は血中尿酸値を一時的に上げやすいことが古典的な生理学研究で示されています。これは、エネルギー需要が急増する状況でプリン分解が進み尿酸産生が増えるためと考えられています。 [6] [7]
- 一方で、長時間の中等度運動では尿酸の急上昇は起きにくいことも報告されています。 [6]
- 脱水は尿酸の腎排泄を低下させ、発作の誘因となりえます。暑熱環境や汗を大量にかく運動時はこまめな水分摂取が特に重要です。 [8] [9]
発作中と発作がない時期での運動の考え方
発作(急性期)
- 痛みが強い関節への負荷は避け、まず炎症を抑える治療と安静を優先します。 [3]
- 標準治療(消炎鎮痛薬やコルヒチン、ステロイドなど)に局所の冷却を併用すると痛み軽減に追加効果がみられた報告があります。 [3]
- 炎症が落ち着くまでは高強度運動や踏み込みの強い動作は控えるのが一般的です。 [3]
間欠期(発作がない時期)
- 定期的な中等度の運動は推奨され、体重管理や代謝改善を通じて尿酸コントロールや再発予防に役立つ可能性があります。 [1] [2]
- 低負荷・関節に優しい種目(ウォーキング、自転車、スイミングなど)から始め、週150分程度の中等度運動を目安に無理なく継続する方法がすすめられます。 [1] [4]
- 水分摂取を十分に行い、脱水を防ぎましょう。特に暑い日や長めの運動では運動前・中・後に水をこまめに補給します。 [8] [9]
どのくらいの運動が目安?
- 一般的には、週合計150分の中等度の有酸素運動(やや息が上がる程度)を目標に、関節に優しい低負荷の活動(歩行、サイクリング、スイミング、ウォーターエクササイズなど)を選ぶと安心です。 [1] [4] [5]
- 痛みや腫れが出たら中断し、必要に応じて医療機関で評価を受けるのが安全です。 [3]
注意したいポイント(悪化を避けるコツ)
- 激しい無酸素的運動(全力ダッシュ、最大筋力に近い挙上など)は控えめにし、段階的に負荷を上げます。 [6]
- 脱水を避けるための水分補給を徹底します(発汗が多い時期や屋外運動では特に重要)。 [8] [9]
- アルコールは尿酸を上げ、排泄を妨げて発作リスクを高めるため、節酒または禁酒が望ましいです。 [10] [8]
- 高プリン食(赤身肉・内臓・一部の魚介)や果糖の多い飲料は控えめにし、低脂肪乳製品・野菜・全粒穀物などを選ぶと良いとされています。 [2] [11]
- 体重管理は尿酸コントロールにも有益で、運動と食事の組み合わせが有効です。 [4] [12]
研究エビデンスの位置づけ
- ライフスタイル介入(運動・食事など)は広く推奨されますが、痛風に対するランダム化比較試験の数は多くありません。慢性期に関しては低脂肪乳由来成分の介入で痛みの改善がわずかに示唆された以外、発作頻度など主要アウトカムで明確な差は示されていません。 [13] [14]
- 急性期では標準治療への氷冷併用で痛み軽減の追加効果を示した小規模研究があります。 [3]
- とはいえ、公衆衛生や臨床実践では中等度運動の実施と体重管理が広く推奨されており、高強度運動や脱水は避けるという実務的な指針が採用されています。 [1] [4] [5] [8] [9]
具体的な実践プランの例
- 種目:歩行30分×週5日(合計150分)を基本に、関節痛がなければ自転車や水中歩行を組み合わせる。 [1] [4]
- 強度:会話ができる程度の中等度から開始し、急な全力運動は避ける。 [5] [6]
- 水分:開始30分前に200–300mL、運動中は15–20分ごとに少量ずつ、終了後もこまめに補給。脱水を感じたら中断。 [8] [9]
- 発作予防:節酒、高プリン・高果糖摂取の抑制、低脂肪乳製品の活用、体重管理を組み合わせる。 [10] [2] [11] [12]
よくある誤解への回答
- 「運動すると必ず悪化するのでは?」
→ 中等度の運動はむしろ推奨で、代謝改善や体重管理に役立ちます。発作誘因となりやすいのは脱水や極端に激しい運動です。 [1] [4] [6] [8] [9] - 「運動は全部やめた方がいい?」
→ 発作中は負荷を避けるのが安心ですが、治まったら低負荷から再開していきましょう。 [3] [4]
まとめ
- 痛風の方でも、発作がない時期の中等度運動は基本的に推奨されます。 [1] [4]
- 激しい運動や脱水は尿酸の急上昇や発作の誘因になりうるため注意が必要です。 [6] [8] [9]
- 発作中は安静と標準治療を優先し、炎症が落ち着いたら低負荷運動を水分補給とともに再開する流れが望ましいです。 [3] [5]
参考になる推奨アクティビティ例
- ウォーキング、サイクリング、水泳・水中エクササイズなどの低負荷・反復的な有酸素運動が向いています。 [4] [5]
- 筋力トレーニングは痛みのない範囲で軽負荷から、関節に痛みが出た場合は即中止しましょう。 [5]
この内容を踏まえて、今の運動習慣や発作の頻度に合わせた具体的なプラン作りを一緒に考えましょう。
関連する質問
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出典
- 1.^abcdefghGout(cdc.gov)
- 2.^abcdGout: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia(medlineplus.gov)
- 3.^abcdefghLifestyle interventions for acute gout.(pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- 4.^abcdefghijGout - Diagnosis and treatment(mayoclinic.org)
- 5.^abcdefgAbout Physical Activity and Arthritis(cdc.gov)
- 6.^abcdefDifferential effects of exercise intensity on serum uric acid concentration.(pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- 7.^↑Exercise and uric Acid: implication in cardiovascular disease.(pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- 8.^abcdefgh통풍 [Gout] | 건강정보(health.severance.healthcare)
- 9.^abcdefg통풍성 관절염(gouty arthritis) | 질환백과 | 의료정보 | 건강정보(amc.seoul.kr)
- 10.^ab통풍성 관절염(gouty arthritis) | 질환백과 | 의료정보 | 건강정보(amc.seoul.kr)
- 11.^abGout - Diagnosis and treatment(mayoclinic.org)
- 12.^abA prescription for lifestyle change in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.(pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- 13.^↑Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout.(pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- 14.^↑Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of gout: a summary of 2 Cochrane systematic reviews.(pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
ご注意: この情報は教育目的のみで提供されており、専門的な医療アドバイス、診断、または治療に代わるものではありません。医療上の決定を行う前に、必ず資格のある医療提供者に相談してください。


