Based on PubMed | Is it true that sulfites in dried fruits can trigger asthma attacks?

Yes sulfites in some dried fruits can trigger asthma symptoms in certain people, especially when consumed in higher amounts. ^[1] Sulfites are preservatives used to keep foods from browning, and dried fruits are among the foods that commonly contain them. ^[1] In people who are sensitive, sulfites can lead to wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, or even more serious asthma flares. ^[2] Most people with asthma are not sensitive to sulfites, but a subset can be, and reactions may be dose‑related. ^{[1] [2]}

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What sulfites are and where they’re found

• Sulfites (such as sulfur dioxide, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite) are preservatives used for color and shelf life. ^[2]
• Common sources include dried fruits, wine and beer, bottled lemon/lime juice, pickled foods, some shrimp, and packaged potatoes. ^[3] Dried fruits and wines are frequent culprits for sensitive individuals. ^[3]

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How sulfites can trigger asthma

• In sensitive people with asthma, sulfites can provoke bronchoconstriction (tightening of the airways), leading to asthma symptoms. ^[2]
• Clinical reports and challenge studies have shown that sulfites (including metabisulfite) can induce wheeze and bronchospasm, and in rare cases severe reactions. ^[4] These reactions can occur soon after ingestion, especially with higher sulfite loads. ^[4]
• Experimental work suggests the reaction may involve reflex pathways in the airways and mediators that tighten the smooth muscle of the bronchi. ^[5] Both cholinergic reflexes and other non‑histamine mechanisms appear to play a role in sulfite‑induced bronchoconstriction. ^[5]

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How common is sulfite sensitivity in asthma?

• Large challenge studies estimate that fewer than about 4% of people with asthma react to oral sulfites under controlled testing, with higher risk among those with more severe, steroid‑dependent asthma. ^[6] Other reviews suggest sensitivity clusters in chronic asthma and may be recognized more often in those with hard‑to‑control disease. ^[7]
• Overall, food is not a common direct trigger for asthma, but sulfites are a noteworthy exception for a subset of individuals. ^[1] If you don’t notice symptoms after sulfite‑containing foods, you may not be sensitive. ^[1]

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Signs you might be sensitive

• Symptoms within minutes to a couple of hours after eating high‑sulfite foods: wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, flushing, hives, or rarely more severe reactions. ^[2] Patterns often emerge with specific foods like dried apricots, raisins, or wine. ^[2]

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Practical tips for safer eating

• Check labels: In many regions, packaged foods must list sulfites when present at or above a threshold; look for terms like “sulfur dioxide,” “sodium metabisulfite,” or “potassium bisulfite.” ^[2]
• Choose low‑sulfite options: Some dried fruits are labeled “unsulfured,” meaning they were dried without added sulfites; these are typically darker in color but often better tolerated. ^[3]
• Watch portion size: Reactions are more likely with larger amounts; starting with a small portion may help you gauge your response. ^[1]
• Keep your reliever inhaler handy: If you have known sensitivity, carry your quick‑relief inhaler and follow your asthma action plan. ^[2]
• Discuss testing with your clinician: If you suspect sulfite sensitivity, a healthcare professional may consider a supervised evaluation; do not self‑test with large amounts due to risk of severe symptoms. ^[4]

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Foods commonly high in sulfites

• Dried fruits (e.g., apricots, peaches, apples, raisins) ^[3]
• Wine and beer ^[3]
• Bottled lemon or lime juice ^[3]
• Pickled foods ^[3]
• Some shrimp and packaged potato products ^[3]
• Some condiments and processed foods (varies by brand and region) ^[2]
  Being aware of these categories can help you plan and avoid triggers if you’re sensitive. ^{[3] [2]}

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When to seek medical advice

• If you notice consistent asthma symptoms after eating dried fruits, wine, or other high‑sulfite foods, talk with your healthcare provider about possible sulfite sensitivity and ways to personalize your asthma plan. ^[2]
• People with more severe or steroid‑dependent asthma may be at relatively higher risk and should take extra care with high‑sulfite foods. ^[6] Prompt evaluation helps reduce the chance of severe flares. ^[6]

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Key takeaways

• Yes, sulfites in dried fruits can trigger asthma symptoms in some people, particularly at higher intakes. ^{[1] [2]}
• Only a minority of people with asthma are sensitive, but for those who are, avoidance or careful selection (e.g., “unsulfured” dried fruits) can help prevent flares. ^{[6] [3]}
• If you suspect sensitivity, track symptoms, check labels, adjust portions, and consult a clinician for tailored guidance. ^{[2] [4]}